Morphogenetic fields and variation in deciduous tooth crown size.
Main Article Content
Abstract
Does variation in deciduous tooth crown size and variation agree with expectations predicted by morphogenetic fields (MGF) as documented for morphometric attributes of permanent teeth? Published literature on deciduous tooth crown size permits analysis of a large dataset. Are expectations of MGF theory evident in size and patterns of variation within and between deciduous tooth classes? Thirty-five reports of deciduous tooth crown size have a global distribution, are ethnically diverse, and geographically widespread. Analysis centers on mesiodistal and buccolingual dimensions, crown areas (CA), coefficients of variation (CV) and rank order of variability across the dental arcade. Mean crown size, CAs and CVs follow expectation: a) udi1is larger and less variable than udi2, b) a gradual decline in mean CVs from dc to dm2 is evident, c) in rank order of decreasing CV dm2 is the least variable, and incisors are most variable. The udi1 and dm2s exhibit attributes of key teeth. In size, measures of variability, and rank order variation across teeth, results are consistent with expectations based on MGFs in permanent teeth. This confirms the likely existence of morphogenetic-like fields in deciduous teeth during dental development. The diverse groups and different modes of analysis ensure confidence in the results that may have value for clinical purposes and evolutionary studies.
References
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Alvrus, A. (2000). Sex dimorphism in the deciduous dentition of modern Pima. Dental Anthrop, 14(2), 9-13.
Axelsson, G., & Kirveskari, P. (1984). Crown size of deciduous teeth in Icelanders. Acta Odontologica Scandinavica, 42(6), 339-343.
Baik, B.-J., Jeon, S.-H., Kim, J.-G., & Young-Sin, K. (2002). A study on the size of the deciduous teeth. J. Korean Acad. Pediatr. Dent.29(3), 382-388.
Bailey, S. E. (2017). Deciduous dentition of fossil hominins. eLS . Chichester: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bailey, S. E., Benazzi, S., & Hublin, J. J. (2014). Allometry, merism, and tooth shape of the upper deciduous M2 and permanent M1. American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 154(1), 104-114.
Bailit, H. L., Dewitt, S. J., & Leigh, R. A. (1968). The size and morphology of the Nasioi dentition. American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 28(3), 271-287.
Barberia, E., Suarez, M. C., Villalon, G., Maroto, M., & Garcia-Godoy, F. (2009). Standards for mesiodistal and buccolingual crown size and height of primary molars in a sample of Spanish children. European Journal of Paediatric Dentistry, 10(4), 169-175.
Botero, P., Ariza, S. G., Meneses, D., Zapata, E., & Alvarez, L. G. (2015). Appraisal of the difference between the mesiodistal diameters of deciduous incisors and molars and permanent teeth. European Journal of Paediatric Dentistry, 16(1), 39-44.
Black, T. K. (1978). Sexual dimorphism in tooth-crown diameters of deciduous teeth. American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 48(1), 77-82.
Butler, P. M. (1939). Studies of the mammalian dentition. Differentiation of the post-canine dentition. Proc. Zool. Soc. of London. Series B, 109, 1-36.
Butler, P. M. (1956). The ontogeny of molar pattern. Biol. Rev. 31:30-70.
Butler, P. M. (1967). Comparison of the development of the second deciduous molar and first permanent molar in man. Archs. Oral Biol., 12, 1245-1269.
Cardoso, H. F. V. (2010). Testing discriminant functions for sex determination from deciduous teeth. Journal of Forensic Sciences, 55(6), 1557-1560.
Chaudhary M., Kadashetti, V., Patil, S., Gawande, M., Km, S. (2011). Sexual dimorphism in deciduous dentition: A Lilliput effect. Webmed Central DENTISTRY, 2(8), 1-9.
Dahlberg, A. A. (1945). The changing dentition of man. J. Am. Dental Assoc, 32, 676-690.
Dahlberg, A. A. (1950). The evolutionary significance of the protostylid. American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 8, 15-25.
Dahlberg, A. A. (1951). The dentition of the American Indian. WS Laughlin, The Physical Anthropology of the American Indian (pp. 138-176). New York: The Viking Fund.
DeVito, C., & Saunders, S. (1990). A discriminant function analysis of deciduous teeth to determine sex. Journal of Forensic Sciences., 35, 845-858.
DeVito, C. L. H. (1988). Discriminant Function Analysis of Deciduous Teeth to Determine Sex. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, McMaster, Hamilton, Ontario, CA.
Eigbobo, J., Sote, E., & Oredugba, F. (4436). Tooth crown dimensions of primary teeth in the Nigerian population. Acta Stomatol Croat, 44(4), 269-277.
Evans, A. R., Daly, E. S., Catlett, K. K., Paul, K. S., King, Stephen J., Skinner, M. M., Nesse, H. P., Hublin, J.-J., Townsend, G. C., Schwartz, G. T., & Jernvall, J. (2016). A simple rule governs the evolution and development of hominin tooth size. Nature, 530, 477-480.
Farmer, V., & Townsend, G. C. (1993). Crown size variability in the deciduous dentition of South Australian children. American Journal of Human Biology, 5(6), 681-690.
Garcia-Godoy, F., Michelen, A., & Townsend, G. C. (1985). Crown diameters of the deciduous teeth in Dominican mulatto children. Human Biol, 57(1), 27-31.
Grine, F. E. (1986). Anthropological aspects of the deciduous teeth of South African blacks. R Singer and JK Lundy. Variation, Culture and Evolution in African Populations (pp. 47-83). Johannesburg: Witwatersrand University Press.
Grine, F. E. (1990). Deciduous dental features of Kalahari San: Comparison of non-metrical traits. GH Sperber From Apes to Angels: Essays in Honor of Phillip V. Tobias (pp. 153-169). New York: Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Grine, F. E. (2009). Deciduous Odontometry of the Kalahari San. 31 p. + Figs. & Tables.
Hanihara, K. (1974). Factors controlling crown size of the deciduous dentition. J. Anthrop. Soc. Nippon, 82(2), 128-134.
Harris, E. F. (2001). Deciduous tooth size distributions in recent humans: A world-wide survey. A. Brook Dental Morphology - 2001. Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press.
Harris, E. F., & Lease, L. R. (2005). Mesiodistal tooth crown dimensions of the primary dentition: A worldwide survey. American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 128(3), 593-607.
Hattab, F., Al-Momani, A., Yassin, O., Al-Omari, M., Hamasha, A., Rawashdeh, M., & Tavas, A. (1999). Crown diameters of deciduous teeth in Jordanians. Dental Anthrop, 13(2), 1-9.
Hemphill, B. E. (2016). Measurement of tooth size (Odontometrics). J. D. Irish, & G. R. Scott, A Companion to Dental Anthropology (pp. 287-310). Chichester: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Huynh, K. K., Nguyen, L. H., Nguyen, N. Q. , & Pham, K. V. (2020). Measurement characteristics of the crown diameters of the deciduous and permanent teeth of Vietnamese children. Journal of Complementary Medicine Research, 11(1), 205-212.
Kaul, V., & Prakash, S. (1984). Crown dimensions of deciduous and permanent teeth of Jats from Haryana. Ann. Hum. Biol, 11(4), 351-354.
Kavanagh, K. D., Evans, A. R., & Jernvall, J. (2007). Predicting evolutionary patterns of mammalian teeth from development. Nature, 449, 427-432.
Kieser, J. A. (1990). Human Adult Odontometrics (Cambridge Studies in Biological Anthropology, No. 4). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Lee, H. E. (1978). Survey of mesiodistal crown diameters of the deciduous and permanent teeth in Bunun tribe of Taiwan aborigines. J Formosan Med Assn, 77(3), 346-351.
Liu, H. H., Dung, S. Z., & Yang, Y. H. (2000). Crown diameters of deciduous teeth of Taiwan. Kaohsiung J Med Sci, 16, 299-307.
Liversidge, H. M., & Molleson, T. I. (1999). Deciduous tooth size and morphogenetic fields in children from Christ Church, Spitalfields. Archives of Oral Biology, 44(1), 7-13.
Lukacs, J. R. (1981). Crown dimensions of deciduous teeth from prehistoric India. American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 55(2), 261-266.
Lukacs, J. R., & Kuswandari, S. (in press). Crown dimensions of Javanese Malay deciduous teeth: Sex dimorphism and tooth size in Asia. Archives of Oral Biology, X, xxx-xxx.
Lukacs, J. R. (2019). Deciduous dental variation in Chalcolithic India: methods, metrics, and meaning. Homo: J. Comp. Hum. Biol., 70(1), 3-14.
Lukacs, J. R., Joshi, M., & Makhija, P. (1983). Deciduous tooth crown dimensions in living and prehistoric populations of western India. American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 61(3), 383-397.
Makiguchi, T., Imai, H., Arakawa, A., Tashiro, A., Yonezu, T., & Shintani, S. (2018). Development of jaw and deciduous teeth in Japanese children - comparing size of crown and alveolar area between today and 40 years ago. Bulletin of Tokyo Dental College, 59(3), 171-181.
Margetts, B., & Brown, T. (1978). Crown diameters of deciduous teeth in Australian Aboriginals. American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 48(4), 493-502.
Mizoguchi, Y. (1998). Size and covariation among deciduous teeth. J. R. Lukacs, Human Dental Development, Morphology, and Pathology: A Tribute to Albert A. Dahlberg (pp. 259-285). Eugene: University of Oregon.
Moss, M. L., & Chase, P. S. (1966). Morphology of Liberian Negro deciduous teeth, i. Odontometry. American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 24(2), 215-230.
Ooshima, T., Ishida, R., Mishima, K., & Sobue, S. (1996). The prevalence of developmental anomalies of teeth and their association with tooth size in the primary and permanent dentitions of 1650 Japanese children. International Journal of Paediatric Dentistry. 6(2), 87-94.
Smith, P., Gomorri, J. M., Spitz, S., & Becker, J. (1997). Model for the examination of evolutionary trends in tooth development. Am J Phys Anthropol, 102, 283-294.
Smith, P., Koyoumdjisky-Kaye, E., Kalderon, W., & Stern, D. (1987). Directionality of dental trait frequency between human second deciduous and first permanent molars. Archives of Oral Biology, 32(1), 5-9.
Sujitha, P., Bhavyaa, R., Muthu, M. S., & Kirthiga, M. (2021). Morphological variations and prevalence of aberrant traits of primary molars. Annals of Human Biology, 48(4), 294-306.
Townsend, G., Harris, E. F., Lesot, H., Clauss, F., & Brook, A. (2009). Morphogenetic fields within the human dentition: A new, clinically relevant synthesis of an old concept. Archives of Oral Biology, 54 (Supplement 1), S34-S44.
Tsai, H.-H. (2000). Morphological characteristics of the deciduous teeth. Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry, 25(2), 95-101.
Tsutsumi, H., Matsui, N., Morita, Y., Sano, E., Okamura, K., Komuro, T., & Takei, T. (1993). Sex determination with a discriminant function analysis of deciduous teeth size. Nihon Hoigaku Zasshi = The Japanese Journal of Legal Medicine., 47(6), 460-480.
Viciano, J., Lopez-Lazaro, S., & Aleman, I. (2013). Sex estimation based on deciduous and permanent dentition in a contemporary Spanish population. American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 152(1), 31-43.
Yamada, H., Kondo, S., Sato, A., & Kuwahara, M. (1986a). Study of mesiodistal crown diameters in the deciduous and permanent dentitions in individuals. J Growth, 25, 15-26.
Yamada, H., Kondo, S., Sato, A., & Kuwahara, M. (1986b). Study of buccolingual crown diameters in the deciduous and permanent dentitions in individuals. J Growth, 25, 147-156.
Zadzinska, E., Karasinska, M., Jedrychowska-Danska, K., Watala, C., & Witas, H. W. (2008). Sex diagnosis of subadult specimens from Medieval Polish archaeological sites: Metric analysis of deciduous dentition. Homo-J Comp Hum Biol, 59(3), 175-187.
Alvrus, A. (2000). Sex dimorphism in the deciduous dentition of modern Pima. Dental Anthrop, 14(2), 9-13.
Axelsson, G., & Kirveskari, P. (1984). Crown size of deciduous teeth in Icelanders. Acta Odontologica Scandinavica, 42(6), 339-343.
Baik, B.-J., Jeon, S.-H., Kim, J.-G., & Young-Sin, K. (2002). A study on the size of the deciduous teeth. J. Korean Acad. Pediatr. Dent.29(3), 382-388.
Bailey, S. E. (2017). Deciduous dentition of fossil hominins. eLS . Chichester: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bailey, S. E., Benazzi, S., & Hublin, J. J. (2014). Allometry, merism, and tooth shape of the upper deciduous M2 and permanent M1. American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 154(1), 104-114.
Bailit, H. L., Dewitt, S. J., & Leigh, R. A. (1968). The size and morphology of the Nasioi dentition. American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 28(3), 271-287.
Barberia, E., Suarez, M. C., Villalon, G., Maroto, M., & Garcia-Godoy, F. (2009). Standards for mesiodistal and buccolingual crown size and height of primary molars in a sample of Spanish children. European Journal of Paediatric Dentistry, 10(4), 169-175.
Botero, P., Ariza, S. G., Meneses, D., Zapata, E., & Alvarez, L. G. (2015). Appraisal of the difference between the mesiodistal diameters of deciduous incisors and molars and permanent teeth. European Journal of Paediatric Dentistry, 16(1), 39-44.
Black, T. K. (1978). Sexual dimorphism in tooth-crown diameters of deciduous teeth. American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 48(1), 77-82.
Butler, P. M. (1939). Studies of the mammalian dentition. Differentiation of the post-canine dentition. Proc. Zool. Soc. of London. Series B, 109, 1-36.
Butler, P. M. (1956). The ontogeny of molar pattern. Biol. Rev. 31:30-70.
Butler, P. M. (1967). Comparison of the development of the second deciduous molar and first permanent molar in man. Archs. Oral Biol., 12, 1245-1269.
Cardoso, H. F. V. (2010). Testing discriminant functions for sex determination from deciduous teeth. Journal of Forensic Sciences, 55(6), 1557-1560.
Chaudhary M., Kadashetti, V., Patil, S., Gawande, M., Km, S. (2011). Sexual dimorphism in deciduous dentition: A Lilliput effect. Webmed Central DENTISTRY, 2(8), 1-9.
Dahlberg, A. A. (1945). The changing dentition of man. J. Am. Dental Assoc, 32, 676-690.
Dahlberg, A. A. (1950). The evolutionary significance of the protostylid. American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 8, 15-25.
Dahlberg, A. A. (1951). The dentition of the American Indian. WS Laughlin, The Physical Anthropology of the American Indian (pp. 138-176). New York: The Viking Fund.
DeVito, C., & Saunders, S. (1990). A discriminant function analysis of deciduous teeth to determine sex. Journal of Forensic Sciences., 35, 845-858.
DeVito, C. L. H. (1988). Discriminant Function Analysis of Deciduous Teeth to Determine Sex. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, McMaster, Hamilton, Ontario, CA.
Eigbobo, J., Sote, E., & Oredugba, F. (4436). Tooth crown dimensions of primary teeth in the Nigerian population. Acta Stomatol Croat, 44(4), 269-277.
Evans, A. R., Daly, E. S., Catlett, K. K., Paul, K. S., King, Stephen J., Skinner, M. M., Nesse, H. P., Hublin, J.-J., Townsend, G. C., Schwartz, G. T., & Jernvall, J. (2016). A simple rule governs the evolution and development of hominin tooth size. Nature, 530, 477-480.
Farmer, V., & Townsend, G. C. (1993). Crown size variability in the deciduous dentition of South Australian children. American Journal of Human Biology, 5(6), 681-690.
Garcia-Godoy, F., Michelen, A., & Townsend, G. C. (1985). Crown diameters of the deciduous teeth in Dominican mulatto children. Human Biol, 57(1), 27-31.
Grine, F. E. (1986). Anthropological aspects of the deciduous teeth of South African blacks. R Singer and JK Lundy. Variation, Culture and Evolution in African Populations (pp. 47-83). Johannesburg: Witwatersrand University Press.
Grine, F. E. (1990). Deciduous dental features of Kalahari San: Comparison of non-metrical traits. GH Sperber From Apes to Angels: Essays in Honor of Phillip V. Tobias (pp. 153-169). New York: Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Grine, F. E. (2009). Deciduous Odontometry of the Kalahari San. 31 p. + Figs. & Tables.
Hanihara, K. (1974). Factors controlling crown size of the deciduous dentition. J. Anthrop. Soc. Nippon, 82(2), 128-134.
Harris, E. F. (2001). Deciduous tooth size distributions in recent humans: A world-wide survey. A. Brook Dental Morphology - 2001. Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press.
Harris, E. F., & Lease, L. R. (2005). Mesiodistal tooth crown dimensions of the primary dentition: A worldwide survey. American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 128(3), 593-607.
Hattab, F., Al-Momani, A., Yassin, O., Al-Omari, M., Hamasha, A., Rawashdeh, M., & Tavas, A. (1999). Crown diameters of deciduous teeth in Jordanians. Dental Anthrop, 13(2), 1-9.
Hemphill, B. E. (2016). Measurement of tooth size (Odontometrics). J. D. Irish, & G. R. Scott, A Companion to Dental Anthropology (pp. 287-310). Chichester: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Huynh, K. K., Nguyen, L. H., Nguyen, N. Q. , & Pham, K. V. (2020). Measurement characteristics of the crown diameters of the deciduous and permanent teeth of Vietnamese children. Journal of Complementary Medicine Research, 11(1), 205-212.
Kaul, V., & Prakash, S. (1984). Crown dimensions of deciduous and permanent teeth of Jats from Haryana. Ann. Hum. Biol, 11(4), 351-354.
Kavanagh, K. D., Evans, A. R., & Jernvall, J. (2007). Predicting evolutionary patterns of mammalian teeth from development. Nature, 449, 427-432.
Kieser, J. A. (1990). Human Adult Odontometrics (Cambridge Studies in Biological Anthropology, No. 4). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Lee, H. E. (1978). Survey of mesiodistal crown diameters of the deciduous and permanent teeth in Bunun tribe of Taiwan aborigines. J Formosan Med Assn, 77(3), 346-351.
Liu, H. H., Dung, S. Z., & Yang, Y. H. (2000). Crown diameters of deciduous teeth of Taiwan. Kaohsiung J Med Sci, 16, 299-307.
Liversidge, H. M., & Molleson, T. I. (1999). Deciduous tooth size and morphogenetic fields in children from Christ Church, Spitalfields. Archives of Oral Biology, 44(1), 7-13.
Lukacs, J. R. (1981). Crown dimensions of deciduous teeth from prehistoric India. American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 55(2), 261-266.
Lukacs, J. R., & Kuswandari, S. (in press). Crown dimensions of Javanese Malay deciduous teeth: Sex dimorphism and tooth size in Asia. Archives of Oral Biology, X, xxx-xxx.
Lukacs, J. R. (2019). Deciduous dental variation in Chalcolithic India: methods, metrics, and meaning. Homo: J. Comp. Hum. Biol., 70(1), 3-14.
Lukacs, J. R., Joshi, M., & Makhija, P. (1983). Deciduous tooth crown dimensions in living and prehistoric populations of western India. American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 61(3), 383-397.
Makiguchi, T., Imai, H., Arakawa, A., Tashiro, A., Yonezu, T., & Shintani, S. (2018). Development of jaw and deciduous teeth in Japanese children - comparing size of crown and alveolar area between today and 40 years ago. Bulletin of Tokyo Dental College, 59(3), 171-181.
Margetts, B., & Brown, T. (1978). Crown diameters of deciduous teeth in Australian Aboriginals. American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 48(4), 493-502.
Mizoguchi, Y. (1998). Size and covariation among deciduous teeth. J. R. Lukacs, Human Dental Development, Morphology, and Pathology: A Tribute to Albert A. Dahlberg (pp. 259-285). Eugene: University of Oregon.
Moss, M. L., & Chase, P. S. (1966). Morphology of Liberian Negro deciduous teeth, i. Odontometry. American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 24(2), 215-230.
Ooshima, T., Ishida, R., Mishima, K., & Sobue, S. (1996). The prevalence of developmental anomalies of teeth and their association with tooth size in the primary and permanent dentitions of 1650 Japanese children. International Journal of Paediatric Dentistry. 6(2), 87-94.
Smith, P., Gomorri, J. M., Spitz, S., & Becker, J. (1997). Model for the examination of evolutionary trends in tooth development. Am J Phys Anthropol, 102, 283-294.
Smith, P., Koyoumdjisky-Kaye, E., Kalderon, W., & Stern, D. (1987). Directionality of dental trait frequency between human second deciduous and first permanent molars. Archives of Oral Biology, 32(1), 5-9.
Sujitha, P., Bhavyaa, R., Muthu, M. S., & Kirthiga, M. (2021). Morphological variations and prevalence of aberrant traits of primary molars. Annals of Human Biology, 48(4), 294-306.
Townsend, G., Harris, E. F., Lesot, H., Clauss, F., & Brook, A. (2009). Morphogenetic fields within the human dentition: A new, clinically relevant synthesis of an old concept. Archives of Oral Biology, 54 (Supplement 1), S34-S44.
Tsai, H.-H. (2000). Morphological characteristics of the deciduous teeth. Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry, 25(2), 95-101.
Tsutsumi, H., Matsui, N., Morita, Y., Sano, E., Okamura, K., Komuro, T., & Takei, T. (1993). Sex determination with a discriminant function analysis of deciduous teeth size. Nihon Hoigaku Zasshi = The Japanese Journal of Legal Medicine., 47(6), 460-480.
Viciano, J., Lopez-Lazaro, S., & Aleman, I. (2013). Sex estimation based on deciduous and permanent dentition in a contemporary Spanish population. American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 152(1), 31-43.
Yamada, H., Kondo, S., Sato, A., & Kuwahara, M. (1986a). Study of mesiodistal crown diameters in the deciduous and permanent dentitions in individuals. J Growth, 25, 15-26.
Yamada, H., Kondo, S., Sato, A., & Kuwahara, M. (1986b). Study of buccolingual crown diameters in the deciduous and permanent dentitions in individuals. J Growth, 25, 147-156.
Zadzinska, E., Karasinska, M., Jedrychowska-Danska, K., Watala, C., & Witas, H. W. (2008). Sex diagnosis of subadult specimens from Medieval Polish archaeological sites: Metric analysis of deciduous dentition. Homo-J Comp Hum Biol, 59(3), 175-187.
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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.