Oral health among New Mexican decedents aged 35-44 using NMDID postmortem CT scans
Main Article Content
Abstract
Factors that contribute to general health disparities also contribute to dental health disparities. Using postmortem CT scans from the New Mexico Decedent Image Database, we investigated dental health among recently (2010-2017) deceased New Mexicans. We predicted that race/ethnicity, substance use, and rural living are associated with poorer dental health. The sample (n = 305) represents 32 of the 33 counties in the state, with equal representation of sex and race/ethnicity (European American [EA], Hispanic/Latinx [HL], and Native American [NA]). Data included presence/absence for missing teeth, restorations, abscesses, and decayed teeth. Analyses incorporated logistic regression, odds ratios, and probability plots. Missing teeth correlated with sex and race/ethnicity (HL and NA, compared to EA). Females were 3.8 times more likely and NA decedents were 4.4 times more likely to have missing teeth. High drinking decedents were 1.6 times more likely, and females were 1.7 times more likely to have restorations. Severely decayed teeth and abscesses correlated with race/ethnicity (HL and NA). Our study revealed that high drinking status, sex (female), and being NA or HL negatively affect dental health among New Mexicans. These same factors relate to health disparities in general and indicate long standing issues with health equity in New Mexico.
References
Ababneh, K. T., Al-Omari, M., & Alawneh, T. N. E. (2011). The Effect of Dental Restoration Type and Material on Periodontal Health. Retrieved February 2, 2022, from http://www.quintpub.com/userhome/ohpd/ohpd_2011_04_s0395.pdf.
Ahmad, Rahnuma, and Mainul Haque. 2021. “Oral Health Messiers: Diabetes Mellitus Relevance.” Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity: Targets and Therapy 14 (July): 3001–15. https://doi.org/10.2147/DMSO.S318972.
Ahn, SangNam, James N. Burdine, Matthew Lee Smith, Marcia G. Ory, and Charles D. Phillips. 2011. “Residential Rurality and Oral Health Disparities: Influences of Contextual and Individual Factors.” The Journal of Primary Prevention 32 (1): 29–41. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10935-011-0233-0.
Attin, T, and E Hornecker. 2005. “Tooth Brushing and Oral Health: How Frequently and When Should Tooth Brushing Be Performed?” Oral Health 3 (3): 6.
Bencosme, J. (2018, May 31). Sex-based differences in Oral Health. Dimensions of Dental Hygiene. Retrieved January 26, 2022, from https://dimensionsofdentalhygiene.com/article/sex-based-differences-in-oral-health/#:~:text=The%20hormone%20fluctuations%20experienced%20by,blood%20flow%20to%20the%20gingiva.
Bersell, Catherine H. 2017. “Access to Oral Health Care: A National Crisis and Call for Reform” 91 (1): 9.
Blackwell, D. L., Villarroel, M. A., & Norris, T. (2019, May 23). Products - data briefs - number 332 - February 2019. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Retrieved January 27, 2022, from https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/products/databriefs/db336.htm#:~:text=About%20one%2Dhalf%20(50.2%25),dental%20coverage%20during%202014%E2%80%932017.
Brockie, Teresa N., Morgan Heinzelmann, and Jessica Gill. 2013. “A Framework to Examine the Role of Epigenetics in Health Disparities among Native Americans.” Nursing Research and Practice 2013: 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/410395.
Brondolo, Elizabeth, Linda C. Gallo, and Hector F. Myers. 2009. “Race, Racism and Health: Disparities, Mechanisms, and Interventions.” Journal of Behavioral Medicine 32 (1): 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10865-008-9190-3.
Buunk-Werkhoven YAB, Buunk AP. Fear of social rejection and oral self-care in men versus women. Int Dent J. 2015;65(Suppl1):1–57.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Oral Health Surveillance Report: Trends in Dental Caries and Sealants, Tooth Retention, and Edentulism, United States, 1999–2004 to 2011–2016. Atlanta, GA: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, US Dept of Health and Human Services; 2019.
Chaffee, Benjamin W., Elizabeth T. Couch, Manali V. Vora, and Richard S. Holliday. 2021. “Oral and Periodontal Implications of Tobacco and Nicotine Products.” Periodontology 2000 87 (1): 241–53. https://doi.org/10.1111/prd.12395.
Chattopadhyay, Amit. 2008. “Oral Health Disparities in the United States.” Dental Clinics of North America 52 (2): 297–318. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cden.2007.11.001.
Cohen, Leonard A., Arthur J. Bonito, Celia Eicheldinger, Richard J. Manski, Robert R. Edwards, and Niharika Khanna. 2011. “Health Literacy Impact on Patient-Provider Interactions Involving the Treatment of Dental Problems.” Journal of Dental Education 75 (9): 1218–24.
Cohen, R. A., Terlizzi, E. P., Cha, A. E., & Martinez, M. E. (2021, August). Health Insurance Coverage: Early release of ... - cdc.gov. cdc.gov. Retrieved January 27, 2022, from https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nhis/earlyrelease/insur202108-508.pdf.
Cruz-Retamozo, Ximena, Daniela Prado-Ghezzi, and Reneé Pereyra-Elías. 2017. “Forest Plots: Linear or Logarithmic Scale?” Journal of Adolescent Health 61 (5): 664–65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2017.07.025.
D’Amore, Meredith M., Debbie M. Cheng, Nancy R. Kressin, Judith Jones, Jeffrey H. Samet, Michael Winter, Theresa W. Kim, and Richard Saitz. 2011. “Oral Health of Substance-Dependent Individuals: Impact of Specific Substances.” Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment 41 (2): 179–85. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsat.2011.02.005.
Daneshvari Berry S, Edgar HJH, Mosley C, Hunley K. 2021. Refined, regionally-specific data standards reveal heterogeneity in Hispanic death records. AMIA Joint Summits on Translational Science proceedings 2021. PMC8378615
Dentists in New Mexico by County. The Pew Charitable Trusts. (2017). Retrieved January 27, 2022, from https://www.pewtrusts.org/research-and-analysis/fact-sheets/2017/02/dentists-in-new-mexico-by-county.
Dolan, T. A. 1993. “Identification of Appropriate Outcomes for an Aging Population.” Special Care in Dentistry: Official Publication of the American Association of Hospital Dentists, the Academy of Dentistry for the Handicapped, and the American Society for Geriatric Dentistry 13 (1): 35–39. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1754-4505.1993.tb01451.x.
Dye, Bruce A, and Timothy J Iafolla. 2015. “Dental Caries and Tooth Loss in Adults in the United States, 2011–2012,” no. 197: 8.
Dye BA, Tan S, Smith V, et al. Trends in oral health status, United States, 1988–1994 and 1999–2004. Vital Health Stat. 2007; 11(248).
Edelstein, Bl. 2006. “The Dental Caries Pandemic and Disparities Problem.” BMC Oral Health 6 (S1): S2. https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6831-6-S1-S2.
Edgar, HJH; Daneshvari Berry, S; Moes, E; Adolphi, NL; Bridges, P; Nolte, KB (2020). New Mexico Decedent Image Database. Office of the Medical Investigator, University of New Mexico. doi.org/10.25827/5s8c-n515.
Eke, Paul I., Bruce A. Dye, Liang Wei, Gary D. Slade, Gina O. Thornton-Evans, Wenche S. Borgnakke, George W. Taylor, Roy C. Page, James D. Beck, and Robert J. Genco. 2015. “Update on Prevalence of Periodontitis in Adults in the United States: NHANES 2009 to 2012.” Journal of Periodontology 86 (5): 611–22. https://doi.org/10.1902/jop.2015.140520.
Eke P, Thornton-Evans G, Wei L, Borgnakke W, Dye B, Genco R. Periodontitis in US adults: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2009-2014. JADA. 2018;149(7):576-586.
Ferraro, Maria, and Alexandre R. Vieira. 2010. “Explaining Gender Differences in Caries: A Multifactorial Approach to a Multifactorial Disease.” International Journal of Dentistry 2010: 649643. https://doi.org/10.1155/2010/649643.
Finlayson, Tracy L., David R. Williams, Kristine Siefert, James S. Jackson, and Ruth Nowjack-Raymer. 2010. “Oral Health Disparities and Psychosocial Correlates of Self-Rated Oral Health in the National Survey of American Life.” American Journal of Public Health 100 (S1): S246–55. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2009.167783.
Fischer, Dena J., Morgan O’Hayre, John W. Kusiak, Martha J. Somerman, and Carl V. Hill. 2017. “Oral Health Disparities: A Perspective From the National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research.” American Journal of Public Health 107 (S1): S36–38. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303622.
Fisher-Owens, Susan A., Inyang A. Isong, Mah-J Soobader, Stuart A. Gansky, Jane A. Weintraub, Larry J. Platt, and Paul W. Newacheck. 2013. “An Examination of Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Children’s Oral Health in the United States.” Journal of Public Health Dentistry 73 (2): 166–74. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-7325.2012.00367.x.
Fisher-Owens, S.A., M.J. Soobader, S.A. Gansky, I.A. Isong, J.A. Weintraub, L.J. Platt, and P.W. Newacheck. 2016. “Geography Matters: State-Level Variation in Children’s Oral Health Care Access and Oral Health Status.” Public Health 134 (May): 54–63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.puhe.2015.04.024.
Gaskin, D J, H Zare, R McCleary, O Kanwar, and A L Davis. 2021. “Predictors of Unmet Dental Health Needs in US Adults in 2018: A Cross-Sectional Analysis.” Translational Research, 9.
Genderson MW, Sischo L, Markowitz K, Fine D, Broder HL. An overview of children’s oral health-related quality of life assessment: from scale development to measuring outcomes. Caries Res. 2013; 47(suppl 1): 13-21.
Gorji, Nadia Elyassi, Pegah Nasiri, Ali Malekzadeh Shafaroudi, Zohreh Shahhosseini, Zeinab Hamzehgardeshi, and Mahmood Moosazadeh. 2021. “Relationship between DMFT Index and Number of Pregnancies: A Cross-Sectional Study on Enrollment Phase of the Tabari Cohort Study.” BMC Oral Health 21 (December): 643. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-021-02004-1.
Han, Chengming. 2019. “Oral Health Disparities: Racial, Language and Nativity Effects.” SSM - Population Health 8 (August): 100436. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssmph.2019.100436.
Health Care Affordability. Think New Mexico. (n.d.). Retrieved January 27, 2022, from https://www.thinknewmexico.org/health-care-affordability/.
Health, D. of. (2019). Health indicator report of health insurance coverage - estimates from U.S. Census Bureau. New Mexico's Indicator-Based Information System. Retrieved January 27, 2022, from https://ibis.health.state.nm.us/indicator/view/HlthInsurCensus.Age0-64.Year.NM_US.html
Henshaw, Michelle M., Raul I. Garcia, and Jane A. Weintraub. 2018. “Oral Health Disparities Across the Life Span.” Dental Clinics of North America 62 (2): 177–93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cden.2017.12.001.
Hinnant, Amanda, Roma Subramanian, Rokeshia Renné Ashley, Mimi Perreault, Rachel Young, and Ryan J. Thomas. 2019. “How Journalists Characterize Health Inequalities and Redefine Solutions for Native American Audiences.” Health Communication 34 (4): 383–91. https://doi.org/10.1080/10410236.2017.1405482.
Horowitz, Alice M., and Dushanka V. Kleinman. 2012. “Oral Health Literacy: A Pathway to Reducing Oral Health Disparities in Maryland.” Journal of Public Health Dentistry 72 (s1): S26–30. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-7325.2012.00316.x.
Howard, B. V., E. T. Lee, L. D. Cowan, R. B. Devereux, J. M. Galloway, O. T. Go, W. J. Howard, et al. 1999. “Rising Tide of Cardiovascular Disease in American Indians. The Strong Heart Study.” Circulation 99 (18): 2389–95. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.cir.99.18.2389.
Howard, B. V., and M. F. Magee. 2000. “Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease.” Current Atherosclerosis Reports 2 (6): 476–81. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11883-000-0046-8.
Huang, Deborah L., and Mijung Park. 2015. “Socioeconomic and Racial/Ethnic Oral Health Disparities among US Older Adults: Oral Health Quality of Life and Dentition.” Journal of Public Health Dentistry 75 (2): 85–92. https://doi.org/10.1111/jphd.12072.
Indian Health Service (IHS). Find Health Care. (2022). Retrieved January 28, 2022, from https://www.ihs.gov/findhealthcare/
Jansson, Leif. 2008. “Association between Alcohol Consumption and Dental Health.” Journal of Clinical Periodontology 35 (5): 379–84. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-051X.2008.01210.x.
Jeffcoat MK, Jeffcoat RL, Gladowski PA, Bramson JB, Blum JJ. Impact of periodontal therapy on general health: evidence from insurance data for five systemic conditions. Am J Prev Med. 2014; 47(2): 166-174.
Jones, David S. 2006. “The Persistence of American Indian Health Disparities.” American Journal of Public Health 96 (12): 2122–34. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2004.054262.
Kane, Shawn F. 2017. “The Effects of Oral Health on Systemic Health.” GENERAL DENTISTRY, 5.
Keith Hunley, Heather Edgar, Meghan Healy, Carmen Mosley, Graciela S. Cabana, and Frankie West. 2017. “Social Identity in New Mexicans of Spanish-Speaking Descent Highlights Limitations of Using Standardized Ethnic Terminology in Research.” Human Biology 89 (3): 217. https://doi.org/10.13110/humanbiology.89.3.04.
Khairnar, Mahesh, Umesh Wadgave, and Sonam Khairnar. 2017. “Effect of Alcoholism on Oral Health: A Review.” Journal of Alcoholism & Drug Dependence 05 (May). https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-6488.1000266.
Koppelman, Jane, and Rebecca Singer-Cohen. 2017. “A Workforce Strategy for Reducing Oral Health Disparities: Dental Therapists.” American Journal of Public Health 107 (S1): S13–17. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303747.
Kuddus, Md Abdul, Elizabeth Tynan, and Emma McBryde. 2020. “Urbanization: A Problem for the Rich and the Poor?” Public Health Reviews 41 (1): 1. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40985-019-0116-0.
Langwell, Kathryn, Cheryl Anagnopoulos, Frank Ryan, Jacob Melson, and Sandor Iron Rope. 2009. “Financing American Indian Health Care: Impacts and Options for Improving Access and Quality.” Findings Brief: Health Care Financing & Organization 12 (7): 1–4.
Leading causes of death by age group United States 2016. cdc.gov. (2016). Retrieved January 27, 2022, from https://www.cdc.gov/injury/wisqars/pdf/leading_causes_of_death_by_age_group_2016-508.pdf
Lee, J. Y., and K. Divaris. 2014. “The Ethical Imperative of Addressing Oral Health Disparities: A Unifying Framework.” Journal of Dental Research 93 (3): 224–30. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022034513511821.
Lenaker, Dane. 2017. “The Dental Health Aide Therapist Program in Alaska: An Example for the 21st Century.” American Journal of Public Health 107 (S1): S24–25. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303831.
Leung, ManChui, and David T. Takeuchi. 2011. “Race, Place, and Health.” In Communities, Neighborhoods, and Health: Expanding the Boundaries of Place, edited by Linda M. Burton, Stephen A. Matthews, ManChui Leung, Susan P. Kemp, and David T. Takeuchi, 73–88. Social Disparities in Health and Health Care. New York, NY: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-7482-2_5.
LibreOffice 7.0. [Computer Software]. Berlin Germany: The Document Foundation: 2020.
Lipsky, Martin S., Sharon Su, Carlos J. Crespo, and Man Hung. 2021. “Men and Oral Health: A Review of Sex and Gender Differences.” American Journal of Men’s Health 15 (3): 15579883211016360. https://doi.org/10.1177/15579883211016361.
Marley. 2018. “Segregation, Reservations, and American Indian Health.” Wicazo Sa Review 33 (2): 49. https://doi.org/10.5749/wicazosareview.33.2.0049.
Michalowicz, Bryan S., Anders Gustafsson, Vivek Thumbigere-Math, and Kåre Buhlin. 2013. “The Effects of Periodontal Treatment on Pregnancy Outcomes.” Journal of Clinical Periodontology 40 Suppl 14 (April): S195-208. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpe.12081.
“Mining and Environmental Health Disparities in Native American Communities | SpringerLink.” n.d. Accessed January 26, 2022. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40572-017-0140-5.
Mobley, Connie, Teresa A. Marshall, Peter Milgrom, and Susan E. Coldwell. 2009. “The Contribution of Dietary Factors to Dental Caries and Disparities in Caries.” Academic Pediatrics 9 (6): 410–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acap.2009.09.008.
Mouradian, Wendy E., Joel H. Berg, and Martha J. Somerman. 2003. “Addressing Disparities Through Dental-Medical Collaborations, Part 1. The Role of Cultural Competency in Health Disparities: Training of Primary Care Medical Practitioners in Children’s Oral Health.” Journal of Dental Education 67 (8): 860–68. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.0022-0337.2003.67.8.tb03672.x.
National Cancer Institute. Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program. (N.D.) SEER Stat Fact Sheets: Oral Cavity and Pharynx Cancer website. http://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/oralcav.htmlexternal icon.
Niederdeppe, J., Bigman, C. A., Gonzales, A. L., & Gollust, S. E. (2013). Communication about health disparities in the mass media. Journal of Communication, 63, 8–30. doi:10.1111/jcom.12003.
Northridge, Mary E., Anjali Kumar, and Raghbir Kaur. 2020. “Disparities in Access to Oral Health Care.” Annual Review of Public Health 41 (1): 513–35. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-publhealth-040119-094318.
Peres, Marco A, Lorna M D Macpherson, Robert J Weyant, Blánaid Daly, Renato Venturelli, Manu R Mathur, Stefan Listl, et al. 2019. “Oral Diseases: A Global Public Health Challenge.” The Lancet 394 (10194): 249–60. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(19)31146-8.
Peycheva, K., and E. Boteva. 2016. “Effect of Alcohol to Oral Health.” Acta Medica Bulgarica 43 (1): 71–77. https://doi.org/10.1515/amb-2016-0009.
Phipps, Kathy R. 2016. “Indian Health Service Data Brief March 2016,” 10.
Priyanka, Kakarla, Kudlur Maheswarappa Sudhir, V. Chandra Sekhara Reddy, RVS. Krishna Kumar, and G. Srinivasulu. 2017. “Impact of Alcohol Dependency on Oral Health – A Cross-Sectional Comparative Study.” Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research : JCDR 11 (6): ZC43–46. https://doi.org/10.7860/JCDR/2017/26380.10058.
“Racial Disparities US Health.Pdf.” n.d.
Reda, Sophie F., Seif M. Reda, W. Murray Thomson, and Falk Schwendicke. 2018. “Inequality in Utilization of Dental Services: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.” American Journal of Public Health 108 (2): e1–7. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2017.304180.
RStudio Team (2020). RStudio: Integrated Development for R. RStudio, PBC, Boston, MA URL http://www.rstudio.com/.
Rural Health Information Hub. Map of Health Professional Shortage Areas: Dental Care, by County, 2022. (2022). Retrieved January 27, 2022, from https://www.ruralhealthinfo.org/charts/9?state=NM.
Sachdev, Rohan, and Kriti Garg. 2018. “Oral Health Negligence in Alcohol Consumers: A Review.” Journal of Advanced Medical and Dental Sciences Research 6 (8): 5.
Safran, Marc A., Robert A. Mays, Larke Nahme Huang, Ron McCuan, Phuong Kim Pham, Sylvia Kay Fisher, Kathleen Y. McDuffie, and Alan Trachtenberg. 2009. “Mental Health Disparities.” American Journal of Public Health 99 (11): 1962–66. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2009.167346.
Satheesh K. Managing gingival recession. Dimensions of Dental Hygiene. 2012;10(8):18–23.
Schwartz, Scott B., Anne E. Sanders, Jessica Y. Lee, and Kimon Divaris. 2019. “Sexual Orientation‐related Oral Health Disparities in the United States.” Journal of Public Health Dentistry 79 (1): 18–24. https://doi.org/10.1111/jphd.12290.
Sequist, Thomas D., Theresa Cullen, and Kelly J. Acton. 2011. “Indian Health Service Innovations Have Helped Reduce Health Disparities Affecting American Indian And Alaska Native People.” Health Affairs 30 (10): 1965–73. https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.2011.0630.
Shariff, Jaffer A., and Burton L. Edelstein. 2016. “Medicaid Meets Its Equal Access Requirement For Dental Care, But Oral Health Disparities Remain.” Health Affairs (Project Hope) 35 (12): 2259–67. https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.2016.0583.
Sheiham, Aubrey. n.d. “Oral Health, General Health and Quality of Life,” 2.
Siqueira Jr, José F., and Isabela N. Rôças. 2013. “Microbiology and Treatment of Acute Apical Abscesses.” Clinical Microbiology Reviews, April. https://doi.org/10.1128/CMR.00082-12.
Skillman, Susan M., Mark P. Doescher, Wendy E. Mouradian, and Diane K. Brunson. 2010. “The Challenge to Delivering Oral Health Services in Rural America: Oral Health Services in Rural America.” Journal of Public Health Dentistry 70 (June): S49–57. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-7325.2010.00178.x.
Starfield, B., J. Gérvas, and D. Mangin. 2012. “Clinical Care and Health Disparities.” Annual Review of Public Health 33 (1): 89–106. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-publhealth-031811-124528.
Stef van Buuren, Karin Groothuis-Oudshoorn (2011). mice: Multivariate Imputation by Chained Equations in R. Journal of Statistical Software, 45(3), 1-67. DOI 10.18637/jss.v045.i03.
Stephens, Mark B, Joseph P Wiedemer, and George M Kushner. 2018. “Dental Problems in Primary Care” 98 (11): 8.
“Tanner et al. - 2015 - Smoking, Alcohol Use, Socioeconomic Background and.Pdf.” n.d. Accessed January 25, 2022. https://illiad.unm.edu/illiad/ill/illiad.dll?Action=10&Form=75&Value=875805.
Tanner, Tarja, Jari Päkkilä, Kaisa Karjalainen, Antti Kämppi, Marjo-Riitta Järvelin, Pertti Patinen, Leo Tjäderhane, and Vuokko Anttonen. 2015. “Smoking, Alcohol Use, Socioeconomic Background and Oral Health among Young Finnish Adults.” Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology 43 (5): 406–14. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdoe.12163.
Tellez, Marisol, Avi Zini, and Saskia Estupiñan-Day. 2014. “Social Determinants and Oral Health: An Update.” Current Oral Health Reports 1 (3): 148–52. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40496-014-0019-6.
Terheyden, Hendrik, and Falk Wüsthoff. 2015. “Occlusal Rehabilitation in Patients with Congenitally Missing Teeth—Dental Implants, Conventional Prosthetics, Tooth Autotransplants, and Preservation of Deciduous Teeth—a Systematic Review.” International Journal of Implant Dentistry 1 (1): 30. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-015-0025-z.
The World Health Organization. 10 Facts on Gender and Tobacco. Available at:?who.int/gender/documents/10facts_gender_tobacco_en.pdf. Accessed November 29, 2016.
U.S. Census Bureau quickfacts: United States. US Census. (2021). Retrieved January 27, 2022, from https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/US.
US Department of Health and Human Services. Oral Health in America: A Report of the Surgeon General. Rockville, MD: US Department of Health and Human Services, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health; 2000
US Department of Health and Human Services. (2021). Social Determinants of Health. Social Determinants of Health - Healthy People 2030. Retrieved January 27, 2022, from https://health.gov/healthypeople/objectives-and-data/social-determinants-health.
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (2019). Suicide. National Institute of Mental Health. Retrieved January 28, 2022, from https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/statistics/suicide.
Vanderbilt, Allison A., Kim T. Isringhausen, Lynn M. VanderWielen, Marcie S. Wright, Lyubov D. Slashcheva, and Molly A. Madden. 2013. “Health Disparities among Highly Vulnerable Populations in the United States: A Call to Action for Medical and Oral Health Care.” Medical Education Online 18 (1): 20644. https://doi.org/10.3402/meo.v18i0.20644.
Vargas, CLEMENCIA M., BRUCE A. Dye, and KATHY L. Hayes. 2002. “Oral Health Status of Rural Adults in the United States.” The Journal of the American Dental Association 133 (12): 1672–81. https://doi.org/10.14219/jada.archive.2002.0120.
Walters, Karina L., Selina A. Mohammed, Teresa Evans-Campbell, Ramona E. Beltrán, David H. Chae, and Bonnie Duran. 2011. “BODIES DON’T JUST TELL STORIES, THEY TELL HISTORIES: Embodiment of Historical Trauma among American Indians and Alaska Natives1.” Du Bois Review: Social Science Research on Race 8 (1): 179–89. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1742058X1100018X.
Williams, David M., Aubrey Sheiham, and Richard G. Watt. 2013. “Oral Health Professionals and Social Determinants.” British Dental Journal 214 (9): 427–427. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.bdj.2013.436.
World Health Organization. (2021). Urban health. World Health Organization. Retrieved January 26, 2022, from https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/urban-healthstats.
Wu, Bei, Jersey Liang, Brenda L. Plassman, R. Corey Remle, and Lina Bai. 2011. “Oral Health among White, Black, and Mexican-American Elders: An Examination of Edentulism and Dental Caries.” Journal of Public Health Dentistry 71 (4): 308–17. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-7325.2011.00273.x.
Ahmad, Rahnuma, and Mainul Haque. 2021. “Oral Health Messiers: Diabetes Mellitus Relevance.” Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity: Targets and Therapy 14 (July): 3001–15. https://doi.org/10.2147/DMSO.S318972.
Ahn, SangNam, James N. Burdine, Matthew Lee Smith, Marcia G. Ory, and Charles D. Phillips. 2011. “Residential Rurality and Oral Health Disparities: Influences of Contextual and Individual Factors.” The Journal of Primary Prevention 32 (1): 29–41. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10935-011-0233-0.
Attin, T, and E Hornecker. 2005. “Tooth Brushing and Oral Health: How Frequently and When Should Tooth Brushing Be Performed?” Oral Health 3 (3): 6.
Bencosme, J. (2018, May 31). Sex-based differences in Oral Health. Dimensions of Dental Hygiene. Retrieved January 26, 2022, from https://dimensionsofdentalhygiene.com/article/sex-based-differences-in-oral-health/#:~:text=The%20hormone%20fluctuations%20experienced%20by,blood%20flow%20to%20the%20gingiva.
Bersell, Catherine H. 2017. “Access to Oral Health Care: A National Crisis and Call for Reform” 91 (1): 9.
Blackwell, D. L., Villarroel, M. A., & Norris, T. (2019, May 23). Products - data briefs - number 332 - February 2019. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Retrieved January 27, 2022, from https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/products/databriefs/db336.htm#:~:text=About%20one%2Dhalf%20(50.2%25),dental%20coverage%20during%202014%E2%80%932017.
Brockie, Teresa N., Morgan Heinzelmann, and Jessica Gill. 2013. “A Framework to Examine the Role of Epigenetics in Health Disparities among Native Americans.” Nursing Research and Practice 2013: 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/410395.
Brondolo, Elizabeth, Linda C. Gallo, and Hector F. Myers. 2009. “Race, Racism and Health: Disparities, Mechanisms, and Interventions.” Journal of Behavioral Medicine 32 (1): 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10865-008-9190-3.
Buunk-Werkhoven YAB, Buunk AP. Fear of social rejection and oral self-care in men versus women. Int Dent J. 2015;65(Suppl1):1–57.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Oral Health Surveillance Report: Trends in Dental Caries and Sealants, Tooth Retention, and Edentulism, United States, 1999–2004 to 2011–2016. Atlanta, GA: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, US Dept of Health and Human Services; 2019.
Chaffee, Benjamin W., Elizabeth T. Couch, Manali V. Vora, and Richard S. Holliday. 2021. “Oral and Periodontal Implications of Tobacco and Nicotine Products.” Periodontology 2000 87 (1): 241–53. https://doi.org/10.1111/prd.12395.
Chattopadhyay, Amit. 2008. “Oral Health Disparities in the United States.” Dental Clinics of North America 52 (2): 297–318. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cden.2007.11.001.
Cohen, Leonard A., Arthur J. Bonito, Celia Eicheldinger, Richard J. Manski, Robert R. Edwards, and Niharika Khanna. 2011. “Health Literacy Impact on Patient-Provider Interactions Involving the Treatment of Dental Problems.” Journal of Dental Education 75 (9): 1218–24.
Cohen, R. A., Terlizzi, E. P., Cha, A. E., & Martinez, M. E. (2021, August). Health Insurance Coverage: Early release of ... - cdc.gov. cdc.gov. Retrieved January 27, 2022, from https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nhis/earlyrelease/insur202108-508.pdf.
Cruz-Retamozo, Ximena, Daniela Prado-Ghezzi, and Reneé Pereyra-Elías. 2017. “Forest Plots: Linear or Logarithmic Scale?” Journal of Adolescent Health 61 (5): 664–65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2017.07.025.
D’Amore, Meredith M., Debbie M. Cheng, Nancy R. Kressin, Judith Jones, Jeffrey H. Samet, Michael Winter, Theresa W. Kim, and Richard Saitz. 2011. “Oral Health of Substance-Dependent Individuals: Impact of Specific Substances.” Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment 41 (2): 179–85. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsat.2011.02.005.
Daneshvari Berry S, Edgar HJH, Mosley C, Hunley K. 2021. Refined, regionally-specific data standards reveal heterogeneity in Hispanic death records. AMIA Joint Summits on Translational Science proceedings 2021. PMC8378615
Dentists in New Mexico by County. The Pew Charitable Trusts. (2017). Retrieved January 27, 2022, from https://www.pewtrusts.org/research-and-analysis/fact-sheets/2017/02/dentists-in-new-mexico-by-county.
Dolan, T. A. 1993. “Identification of Appropriate Outcomes for an Aging Population.” Special Care in Dentistry: Official Publication of the American Association of Hospital Dentists, the Academy of Dentistry for the Handicapped, and the American Society for Geriatric Dentistry 13 (1): 35–39. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1754-4505.1993.tb01451.x.
Dye, Bruce A, and Timothy J Iafolla. 2015. “Dental Caries and Tooth Loss in Adults in the United States, 2011–2012,” no. 197: 8.
Dye BA, Tan S, Smith V, et al. Trends in oral health status, United States, 1988–1994 and 1999–2004. Vital Health Stat. 2007; 11(248).
Edelstein, Bl. 2006. “The Dental Caries Pandemic and Disparities Problem.” BMC Oral Health 6 (S1): S2. https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6831-6-S1-S2.
Edgar, HJH; Daneshvari Berry, S; Moes, E; Adolphi, NL; Bridges, P; Nolte, KB (2020). New Mexico Decedent Image Database. Office of the Medical Investigator, University of New Mexico. doi.org/10.25827/5s8c-n515.
Eke, Paul I., Bruce A. Dye, Liang Wei, Gary D. Slade, Gina O. Thornton-Evans, Wenche S. Borgnakke, George W. Taylor, Roy C. Page, James D. Beck, and Robert J. Genco. 2015. “Update on Prevalence of Periodontitis in Adults in the United States: NHANES 2009 to 2012.” Journal of Periodontology 86 (5): 611–22. https://doi.org/10.1902/jop.2015.140520.
Eke P, Thornton-Evans G, Wei L, Borgnakke W, Dye B, Genco R. Periodontitis in US adults: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2009-2014. JADA. 2018;149(7):576-586.
Ferraro, Maria, and Alexandre R. Vieira. 2010. “Explaining Gender Differences in Caries: A Multifactorial Approach to a Multifactorial Disease.” International Journal of Dentistry 2010: 649643. https://doi.org/10.1155/2010/649643.
Finlayson, Tracy L., David R. Williams, Kristine Siefert, James S. Jackson, and Ruth Nowjack-Raymer. 2010. “Oral Health Disparities and Psychosocial Correlates of Self-Rated Oral Health in the National Survey of American Life.” American Journal of Public Health 100 (S1): S246–55. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2009.167783.
Fischer, Dena J., Morgan O’Hayre, John W. Kusiak, Martha J. Somerman, and Carl V. Hill. 2017. “Oral Health Disparities: A Perspective From the National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research.” American Journal of Public Health 107 (S1): S36–38. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303622.
Fisher-Owens, Susan A., Inyang A. Isong, Mah-J Soobader, Stuart A. Gansky, Jane A. Weintraub, Larry J. Platt, and Paul W. Newacheck. 2013. “An Examination of Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Children’s Oral Health in the United States.” Journal of Public Health Dentistry 73 (2): 166–74. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-7325.2012.00367.x.
Fisher-Owens, S.A., M.J. Soobader, S.A. Gansky, I.A. Isong, J.A. Weintraub, L.J. Platt, and P.W. Newacheck. 2016. “Geography Matters: State-Level Variation in Children’s Oral Health Care Access and Oral Health Status.” Public Health 134 (May): 54–63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.puhe.2015.04.024.
Gaskin, D J, H Zare, R McCleary, O Kanwar, and A L Davis. 2021. “Predictors of Unmet Dental Health Needs in US Adults in 2018: A Cross-Sectional Analysis.” Translational Research, 9.
Genderson MW, Sischo L, Markowitz K, Fine D, Broder HL. An overview of children’s oral health-related quality of life assessment: from scale development to measuring outcomes. Caries Res. 2013; 47(suppl 1): 13-21.
Gorji, Nadia Elyassi, Pegah Nasiri, Ali Malekzadeh Shafaroudi, Zohreh Shahhosseini, Zeinab Hamzehgardeshi, and Mahmood Moosazadeh. 2021. “Relationship between DMFT Index and Number of Pregnancies: A Cross-Sectional Study on Enrollment Phase of the Tabari Cohort Study.” BMC Oral Health 21 (December): 643. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-021-02004-1.
Han, Chengming. 2019. “Oral Health Disparities: Racial, Language and Nativity Effects.” SSM - Population Health 8 (August): 100436. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssmph.2019.100436.
Health Care Affordability. Think New Mexico. (n.d.). Retrieved January 27, 2022, from https://www.thinknewmexico.org/health-care-affordability/.
Health, D. of. (2019). Health indicator report of health insurance coverage - estimates from U.S. Census Bureau. New Mexico's Indicator-Based Information System. Retrieved January 27, 2022, from https://ibis.health.state.nm.us/indicator/view/HlthInsurCensus.Age0-64.Year.NM_US.html
Henshaw, Michelle M., Raul I. Garcia, and Jane A. Weintraub. 2018. “Oral Health Disparities Across the Life Span.” Dental Clinics of North America 62 (2): 177–93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cden.2017.12.001.
Hinnant, Amanda, Roma Subramanian, Rokeshia Renné Ashley, Mimi Perreault, Rachel Young, and Ryan J. Thomas. 2019. “How Journalists Characterize Health Inequalities and Redefine Solutions for Native American Audiences.” Health Communication 34 (4): 383–91. https://doi.org/10.1080/10410236.2017.1405482.
Horowitz, Alice M., and Dushanka V. Kleinman. 2012. “Oral Health Literacy: A Pathway to Reducing Oral Health Disparities in Maryland.” Journal of Public Health Dentistry 72 (s1): S26–30. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-7325.2012.00316.x.
Howard, B. V., E. T. Lee, L. D. Cowan, R. B. Devereux, J. M. Galloway, O. T. Go, W. J. Howard, et al. 1999. “Rising Tide of Cardiovascular Disease in American Indians. The Strong Heart Study.” Circulation 99 (18): 2389–95. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.cir.99.18.2389.
Howard, B. V., and M. F. Magee. 2000. “Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease.” Current Atherosclerosis Reports 2 (6): 476–81. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11883-000-0046-8.
Huang, Deborah L., and Mijung Park. 2015. “Socioeconomic and Racial/Ethnic Oral Health Disparities among US Older Adults: Oral Health Quality of Life and Dentition.” Journal of Public Health Dentistry 75 (2): 85–92. https://doi.org/10.1111/jphd.12072.
Indian Health Service (IHS). Find Health Care. (2022). Retrieved January 28, 2022, from https://www.ihs.gov/findhealthcare/
Jansson, Leif. 2008. “Association between Alcohol Consumption and Dental Health.” Journal of Clinical Periodontology 35 (5): 379–84. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-051X.2008.01210.x.
Jeffcoat MK, Jeffcoat RL, Gladowski PA, Bramson JB, Blum JJ. Impact of periodontal therapy on general health: evidence from insurance data for five systemic conditions. Am J Prev Med. 2014; 47(2): 166-174.
Jones, David S. 2006. “The Persistence of American Indian Health Disparities.” American Journal of Public Health 96 (12): 2122–34. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2004.054262.
Kane, Shawn F. 2017. “The Effects of Oral Health on Systemic Health.” GENERAL DENTISTRY, 5.
Keith Hunley, Heather Edgar, Meghan Healy, Carmen Mosley, Graciela S. Cabana, and Frankie West. 2017. “Social Identity in New Mexicans of Spanish-Speaking Descent Highlights Limitations of Using Standardized Ethnic Terminology in Research.” Human Biology 89 (3): 217. https://doi.org/10.13110/humanbiology.89.3.04.
Khairnar, Mahesh, Umesh Wadgave, and Sonam Khairnar. 2017. “Effect of Alcoholism on Oral Health: A Review.” Journal of Alcoholism & Drug Dependence 05 (May). https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-6488.1000266.
Koppelman, Jane, and Rebecca Singer-Cohen. 2017. “A Workforce Strategy for Reducing Oral Health Disparities: Dental Therapists.” American Journal of Public Health 107 (S1): S13–17. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303747.
Kuddus, Md Abdul, Elizabeth Tynan, and Emma McBryde. 2020. “Urbanization: A Problem for the Rich and the Poor?” Public Health Reviews 41 (1): 1. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40985-019-0116-0.
Langwell, Kathryn, Cheryl Anagnopoulos, Frank Ryan, Jacob Melson, and Sandor Iron Rope. 2009. “Financing American Indian Health Care: Impacts and Options for Improving Access and Quality.” Findings Brief: Health Care Financing & Organization 12 (7): 1–4.
Leading causes of death by age group United States 2016. cdc.gov. (2016). Retrieved January 27, 2022, from https://www.cdc.gov/injury/wisqars/pdf/leading_causes_of_death_by_age_group_2016-508.pdf
Lee, J. Y., and K. Divaris. 2014. “The Ethical Imperative of Addressing Oral Health Disparities: A Unifying Framework.” Journal of Dental Research 93 (3): 224–30. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022034513511821.
Lenaker, Dane. 2017. “The Dental Health Aide Therapist Program in Alaska: An Example for the 21st Century.” American Journal of Public Health 107 (S1): S24–25. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303831.
Leung, ManChui, and David T. Takeuchi. 2011. “Race, Place, and Health.” In Communities, Neighborhoods, and Health: Expanding the Boundaries of Place, edited by Linda M. Burton, Stephen A. Matthews, ManChui Leung, Susan P. Kemp, and David T. Takeuchi, 73–88. Social Disparities in Health and Health Care. New York, NY: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-7482-2_5.
LibreOffice 7.0. [Computer Software]. Berlin Germany: The Document Foundation: 2020.
Lipsky, Martin S., Sharon Su, Carlos J. Crespo, and Man Hung. 2021. “Men and Oral Health: A Review of Sex and Gender Differences.” American Journal of Men’s Health 15 (3): 15579883211016360. https://doi.org/10.1177/15579883211016361.
Marley. 2018. “Segregation, Reservations, and American Indian Health.” Wicazo Sa Review 33 (2): 49. https://doi.org/10.5749/wicazosareview.33.2.0049.
Michalowicz, Bryan S., Anders Gustafsson, Vivek Thumbigere-Math, and Kåre Buhlin. 2013. “The Effects of Periodontal Treatment on Pregnancy Outcomes.” Journal of Clinical Periodontology 40 Suppl 14 (April): S195-208. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpe.12081.
“Mining and Environmental Health Disparities in Native American Communities | SpringerLink.” n.d. Accessed January 26, 2022. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40572-017-0140-5.
Mobley, Connie, Teresa A. Marshall, Peter Milgrom, and Susan E. Coldwell. 2009. “The Contribution of Dietary Factors to Dental Caries and Disparities in Caries.” Academic Pediatrics 9 (6): 410–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acap.2009.09.008.
Mouradian, Wendy E., Joel H. Berg, and Martha J. Somerman. 2003. “Addressing Disparities Through Dental-Medical Collaborations, Part 1. The Role of Cultural Competency in Health Disparities: Training of Primary Care Medical Practitioners in Children’s Oral Health.” Journal of Dental Education 67 (8): 860–68. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.0022-0337.2003.67.8.tb03672.x.
National Cancer Institute. Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program. (N.D.) SEER Stat Fact Sheets: Oral Cavity and Pharynx Cancer website. http://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/oralcav.htmlexternal icon.
Niederdeppe, J., Bigman, C. A., Gonzales, A. L., & Gollust, S. E. (2013). Communication about health disparities in the mass media. Journal of Communication, 63, 8–30. doi:10.1111/jcom.12003.
Northridge, Mary E., Anjali Kumar, and Raghbir Kaur. 2020. “Disparities in Access to Oral Health Care.” Annual Review of Public Health 41 (1): 513–35. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-publhealth-040119-094318.
Peres, Marco A, Lorna M D Macpherson, Robert J Weyant, Blánaid Daly, Renato Venturelli, Manu R Mathur, Stefan Listl, et al. 2019. “Oral Diseases: A Global Public Health Challenge.” The Lancet 394 (10194): 249–60. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(19)31146-8.
Peycheva, K., and E. Boteva. 2016. “Effect of Alcohol to Oral Health.” Acta Medica Bulgarica 43 (1): 71–77. https://doi.org/10.1515/amb-2016-0009.
Phipps, Kathy R. 2016. “Indian Health Service Data Brief March 2016,” 10.
Priyanka, Kakarla, Kudlur Maheswarappa Sudhir, V. Chandra Sekhara Reddy, RVS. Krishna Kumar, and G. Srinivasulu. 2017. “Impact of Alcohol Dependency on Oral Health – A Cross-Sectional Comparative Study.” Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research : JCDR 11 (6): ZC43–46. https://doi.org/10.7860/JCDR/2017/26380.10058.
“Racial Disparities US Health.Pdf.” n.d.
Reda, Sophie F., Seif M. Reda, W. Murray Thomson, and Falk Schwendicke. 2018. “Inequality in Utilization of Dental Services: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.” American Journal of Public Health 108 (2): e1–7. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2017.304180.
RStudio Team (2020). RStudio: Integrated Development for R. RStudio, PBC, Boston, MA URL http://www.rstudio.com/.
Rural Health Information Hub. Map of Health Professional Shortage Areas: Dental Care, by County, 2022. (2022). Retrieved January 27, 2022, from https://www.ruralhealthinfo.org/charts/9?state=NM.
Sachdev, Rohan, and Kriti Garg. 2018. “Oral Health Negligence in Alcohol Consumers: A Review.” Journal of Advanced Medical and Dental Sciences Research 6 (8): 5.
Safran, Marc A., Robert A. Mays, Larke Nahme Huang, Ron McCuan, Phuong Kim Pham, Sylvia Kay Fisher, Kathleen Y. McDuffie, and Alan Trachtenberg. 2009. “Mental Health Disparities.” American Journal of Public Health 99 (11): 1962–66. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2009.167346.
Satheesh K. Managing gingival recession. Dimensions of Dental Hygiene. 2012;10(8):18–23.
Schwartz, Scott B., Anne E. Sanders, Jessica Y. Lee, and Kimon Divaris. 2019. “Sexual Orientation‐related Oral Health Disparities in the United States.” Journal of Public Health Dentistry 79 (1): 18–24. https://doi.org/10.1111/jphd.12290.
Sequist, Thomas D., Theresa Cullen, and Kelly J. Acton. 2011. “Indian Health Service Innovations Have Helped Reduce Health Disparities Affecting American Indian And Alaska Native People.” Health Affairs 30 (10): 1965–73. https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.2011.0630.
Shariff, Jaffer A., and Burton L. Edelstein. 2016. “Medicaid Meets Its Equal Access Requirement For Dental Care, But Oral Health Disparities Remain.” Health Affairs (Project Hope) 35 (12): 2259–67. https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.2016.0583.
Sheiham, Aubrey. n.d. “Oral Health, General Health and Quality of Life,” 2.
Siqueira Jr, José F., and Isabela N. Rôças. 2013. “Microbiology and Treatment of Acute Apical Abscesses.” Clinical Microbiology Reviews, April. https://doi.org/10.1128/CMR.00082-12.
Skillman, Susan M., Mark P. Doescher, Wendy E. Mouradian, and Diane K. Brunson. 2010. “The Challenge to Delivering Oral Health Services in Rural America: Oral Health Services in Rural America.” Journal of Public Health Dentistry 70 (June): S49–57. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-7325.2010.00178.x.
Starfield, B., J. Gérvas, and D. Mangin. 2012. “Clinical Care and Health Disparities.” Annual Review of Public Health 33 (1): 89–106. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-publhealth-031811-124528.
Stef van Buuren, Karin Groothuis-Oudshoorn (2011). mice: Multivariate Imputation by Chained Equations in R. Journal of Statistical Software, 45(3), 1-67. DOI 10.18637/jss.v045.i03.
Stephens, Mark B, Joseph P Wiedemer, and George M Kushner. 2018. “Dental Problems in Primary Care” 98 (11): 8.
“Tanner et al. - 2015 - Smoking, Alcohol Use, Socioeconomic Background and.Pdf.” n.d. Accessed January 25, 2022. https://illiad.unm.edu/illiad/ill/illiad.dll?Action=10&Form=75&Value=875805.
Tanner, Tarja, Jari Päkkilä, Kaisa Karjalainen, Antti Kämppi, Marjo-Riitta Järvelin, Pertti Patinen, Leo Tjäderhane, and Vuokko Anttonen. 2015. “Smoking, Alcohol Use, Socioeconomic Background and Oral Health among Young Finnish Adults.” Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology 43 (5): 406–14. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdoe.12163.
Tellez, Marisol, Avi Zini, and Saskia Estupiñan-Day. 2014. “Social Determinants and Oral Health: An Update.” Current Oral Health Reports 1 (3): 148–52. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40496-014-0019-6.
Terheyden, Hendrik, and Falk Wüsthoff. 2015. “Occlusal Rehabilitation in Patients with Congenitally Missing Teeth—Dental Implants, Conventional Prosthetics, Tooth Autotransplants, and Preservation of Deciduous Teeth—a Systematic Review.” International Journal of Implant Dentistry 1 (1): 30. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-015-0025-z.
The World Health Organization. 10 Facts on Gender and Tobacco. Available at:?who.int/gender/documents/10facts_gender_tobacco_en.pdf. Accessed November 29, 2016.
U.S. Census Bureau quickfacts: United States. US Census. (2021). Retrieved January 27, 2022, from https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/US.
US Department of Health and Human Services. Oral Health in America: A Report of the Surgeon General. Rockville, MD: US Department of Health and Human Services, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health; 2000
US Department of Health and Human Services. (2021). Social Determinants of Health. Social Determinants of Health - Healthy People 2030. Retrieved January 27, 2022, from https://health.gov/healthypeople/objectives-and-data/social-determinants-health.
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (2019). Suicide. National Institute of Mental Health. Retrieved January 28, 2022, from https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/statistics/suicide.
Vanderbilt, Allison A., Kim T. Isringhausen, Lynn M. VanderWielen, Marcie S. Wright, Lyubov D. Slashcheva, and Molly A. Madden. 2013. “Health Disparities among Highly Vulnerable Populations in the United States: A Call to Action for Medical and Oral Health Care.” Medical Education Online 18 (1): 20644. https://doi.org/10.3402/meo.v18i0.20644.
Vargas, CLEMENCIA M., BRUCE A. Dye, and KATHY L. Hayes. 2002. “Oral Health Status of Rural Adults in the United States.” The Journal of the American Dental Association 133 (12): 1672–81. https://doi.org/10.14219/jada.archive.2002.0120.
Walters, Karina L., Selina A. Mohammed, Teresa Evans-Campbell, Ramona E. Beltrán, David H. Chae, and Bonnie Duran. 2011. “BODIES DON’T JUST TELL STORIES, THEY TELL HISTORIES: Embodiment of Historical Trauma among American Indians and Alaska Natives1.” Du Bois Review: Social Science Research on Race 8 (1): 179–89. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1742058X1100018X.
Williams, David M., Aubrey Sheiham, and Richard G. Watt. 2013. “Oral Health Professionals and Social Determinants.” British Dental Journal 214 (9): 427–427. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.bdj.2013.436.
World Health Organization. (2021). Urban health. World Health Organization. Retrieved January 26, 2022, from https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/urban-healthstats.
Wu, Bei, Jersey Liang, Brenda L. Plassman, R. Corey Remle, and Lina Bai. 2011. “Oral Health among White, Black, and Mexican-American Elders: An Examination of Edentulism and Dental Caries.” Journal of Public Health Dentistry 71 (4): 308–17. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-7325.2011.00273.x.
Article Sidebar
Published
Aug 5, 2024
Article Details
Issue
Section
Original Research
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.